Art of teeming ferrous metals



ART OF TEEMING- FERROUS IETALS Filed Nov. 8, 1927 Patented Sept. 10,1929.,

UNITED. STATES KARL V. MCCAUSLAND, F BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

ART OF TEEMING I ERROUS METALS.

Application filed November 8, 1927. Serial No. 231,918.

ing and tight closing of the nozzle during the teeming operation.Another object of the inventlon is to posiln tion a deoxidizingsubstance within the teem ing ladle in a manner such that it is usefulfor the dual purpose of preventing skull and deoxidizing.

A further object of the invention is to provide the substance in a formand relation such that it will be retained in position during itsaction.

In connection with the casting of ingots, the usual practice is to runthe molten metal into the ladle and then teem it from the bottom of theladle to the ingot mold. It IS well established in such practice thatthe best results are obtained when the temperature of the metal is aslow as possible consistent with a free running condition. With this inmind, it will be readily appreciated that when the metal is tapped intothe ladle, thefirst mass of metal coming into contact with thecomparatively cold surface of the ladle bottom is very apt to be chilledsufliciently to reduce its temperature to the freezing mt and thus forma skull around the teemmg nozzle and the end of the stopper. Suchformation seriously interferes with theproper manipulation ofthe'stopper, and quite often prevents the end of the stopper fromseating tightly into nozzle orifice so that the flow of metal cannot beshut off. This condition highly objectionable inasmuch as it obviouslyprevents clean casting, increases scrap and is extremely dangerous .tothe Workers.

I have discovered that the skull formation in the immediate vicinity ofthe nozzle may be eliminated, together with its attendant objections, bysecuringa substance .open or close the nozzle.

diameter of the ring being large enough or element around the nozzle,prior to the tapping operation, which will be quickly melted by themolten metal when it is tapped into the ladle. The substance to which Irefer, may be aluminum, magnesium an al-- 5 loy thereof, or any otherequivalent substance havinga comparatively low melting oint and wh ch,upon melting, will react wit the oxygen in the metal to generate heat.

An embodiment of my invention is illuse trated in the accompanyingdrawings where- 1n 1 Figure 1 is a vertical cross sectional view of theladle with the substance in position around the nozzle of the stopper.

.F1gure 2 is a perspective view of the rin In order to practice myinvention, utllize the usual type of teeming ladle as indicated at 1,having a nozzle 2, a stopper 3, and -an actuating handle 4, by means ofwhich the stopper is raised and lowered to Before tapping any metal intothe ladle, the aluminum or other substance 5 is placed adjacent thenozzle and securely held there so that it will not float upwardly uponthe surface of the metal when the latter is tapped. In the preferredembodiment of my invention, I constructthe element 5 in the form of aring which may be placed around the end of the stopper 3 the to fit overthe stopper but small enough to prevent it from rising upwardly alongthe stripper viously as the molten metal is tapped into the ladle itwill completel cover the ring. Due to the comparatively ibw meltin pointof the ring and the comparatively hig temperature of the metal, the ringwill be melted in a very short space of time. The fluid aluminum thusproduced will mix with the surrounding metal, and the resulting mixturewill have a freezin point lowerthan that of the metal alone. ilence, bylowering its freezing point in this manner, it is caused to remain in afree running condition. This condition is further insured by thereaction between the aluminum and the oxygen of the metal, inasmuch assuch reaction gencrates heat and thereby actually causes a rise forerelated;

The insertion of aluminum into teeming.

'ladles for the purpose of deoxidizing the molten metal which iscontained or tap ed therein, is, of course, well known in t is art. Insuch practice however, no attem t heretofore, has been made to retain te aluminum near the nozzle while it melted. As a result it has alwaysfloated on the sur-- face ofthe metal, and its melting had little or noeffect u n the skull formation at the bottom of the adle. Obviously,however, my ring will form a part of the weight of aluminum usuall addedfor deoxidizi'ng purposes and, there ore, will fulfill the dual purposeof deoxidizing and preventing freezing as be- From the fore oing descrition, it will be apparent that I ave devi a particularly simple andalso'an efiicient means for preventing the freezing of metal around thestoppers of teeming ladles and one which can be usedupon, any standardtype of ladle without necessitating the. alteration of its constructionor. adding materially to the cost of manufacture either through extralabor or materials. Although I have illustrated and.

described a preferred embodiment of niy mvention, it is to 'beunderstood that can substitute any other equivalent substance in placeof aluminum or magnesium. It is also to-be understood that variouschanges in the construction of my particular substance and the retainingmeans therefore can be made without departing from the spirit of myinvention or the scope of the. appended claims.

- I claim as my invention:

1. In the art of teeming'metal a method of preparing a teeming ladlehaving a stopper controlled dischargenozzle for the teeming operationconsisting in placing a metallic reducing substance havinga-comparatively low melting point in the vicinity of the nozzle prior totapping the metal to be teemed, into the ladle.

2. In the art of teeming-ferrous metals, a method of preparing a teemingladle having a stopper controlled discharge nozzle for the teemingoperation consisting in placing a metallic reducing substance havinga'oomparatively'low melting point in the vicinity of the nozzle prior totapping the ferrous metal into the ladle, and relatively maintaining theposition of the substance until melted by said metal.

3. In the art of teemingv ferrous metals,

a method of preparing a teeming ladle having a stopper controlleddischarge nozzle for the teemlng operation consisting in-placlng ametallic deoxidizin substance having a comparatively low me ting pointin the vicinity of the nozzle prior to tapping the ferrous metal intothe ladle.

4. In the art of teeming ferrous metals, a

method of preparing a teeming ladle havinga stopper controlled dischargenozzle for the teemm operation consisting in placin a body 0 aluminumaround the nozzle en of the stopper prior to tapping the ferrous metalinto the ladle.

5 In the art of teeming ferrous metals, a method of preparing a teemingladle having a stopper controlled discharge nozzle for the teemmoperation consisting in placing a body 0 aluminum around the nozzle endof the stopper prior to tapp' the ferrous metal into the ladle, andrelatively maintaining the position of said body until melted by saidmetal.

6. In the art of teeming ferrous metals, a method of preparing a teemingladle having a stopper controlled discharge nozzle for the teemmoperation consisting in placing a ring 0 aluminum around the nozzle enof the stopper prior to tapping .the ferrous metal into the ladle, theinternal diameter of said ring being small enough-to prevent it fromrising upwardly along the stopper.

7. Teeming apparatus com' rising a ladel having a nozzle, a sto perf drsaid nozzle and a ring stopper, sai ring bein composed of a metallicreducing substance aving a comparativelaced/on t e nozzle end of said i8. Teeming apparatus comprisin a ladle hair? a stop r controlled no eand a lip tted on t e nozzle end of said stopper, sai ring being comosed of a metallic deoxidizin substance aving a comparatively lowmelting point with respect to the metal to be teemed.

9. A method of teeming metal consisting in placing and maintainingadjacent the sto ping controlled teeming opening, a met 'c reducmsubstance having a melting point lower tan that of the metal to beteemed and thereaftertapping and teeming the metal.

Intestimon whereofI afiixm si 'ature.

. kARL v. MoCA sLiim.

